Grobno mesto
(parcela-red-broj)
Grave position
(parcel-raw-number)
Kamenorezac /
Stonemason:

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III-10-18

(Kliknite na sliku da je uvećate / click on image to enlarge)
Imena sahranjenih: Names of buried:

Salamon Švicer

Salamon Schwitzer

Natpis na spomeniku (prednja strana):
Epitaph (front side of the gravestone):

Ovde počiva poštovani Šlomo sin Šemajahu Švicera, blagosloven u sećanju, umro 13. Tišria 5699. (8. oktobar 1938.)
Neka njegova duša bude besmrtna

(prevedeno s hebrejskog)

Ovde počiva
Salamon Švicer 1871. – 1938.
ožalošćen od svoje supruge djece i ostale
porodice

(Epitaf ispisan na srpskom)

Here lies hon. Salomon son Shmayahu Schwitzer, of blessed memory, died 13. Tishrei 5699.
May his soul be bound up in the bond of eternal life

(Translated into English from Serbian translation of original Hebrew texts)

Here lies
Salomon Schwitzer 1871. – 1938.
lamented by his wife, children and
family

(Translated into English from Serbian)

Natpis na spomeniku (stražnja strana):
Epitaph (back side of the gravestone):

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Dodatne informacije o porodici Additional info about the family

Porodica Švicer spadala je među najstarije i veoma ugledne članove Jevrejske opštine.

Samuel Švicer je oko 1850. godine došao iz Slovačke i naselio se u Dobanovcima, koji su pripadali Jevrejskoj opštini Zemun. On je u tom selu otvorio dućan mešovite robe. Imao je šestoro dece.

Salamon, jedan od sinova, oženio se  Bertom, rođenom Najman. Ona je sa roditeljima živela u Popincima do svoje udaje.

Salamon se strogo pridržavao verskih propisa. Čak je išao u Zemun da izuči za šoheta, kako bi sam mogao da vrši ritualna klanja živine. Za velike praznike, kao što je Jom kipur, Roš hašana i slično, cela porodica bi iz Dobanovaca dolazila u Zemun, kod Morica Najmana, Bertinog brata. Deca su se radovala susretu sa ujakom i njegovom decom. Svi ti praznici su proslavljani uz molitvene i sve druge običaje.

Godine 1918. porodica Švicer je prešla u Zemun, sem Salamonovog sina Vilima, koji je preuzeo porodični dućan. Ova trgovina mu je obezbeđivala pristojne uslove života.

Situacija se iz osnova promenila dolaskom Hitlera na vlast u Nemačkoj. Domaći Nemci su počeli da bojkotuju Vilimov dućan. Jedan domaći Nemac je otvorio takođe dućan mešovite robe, što je dovelo do propasti Švicerove trgovine. Vilim je 1941. godine prešao u Zemun.

Od brojne porodice Švicer preživeli su holokaust samo Marko – “Pači” i Aleksandar – “Šani”. “Pači”, kao što će se videti u delu hronike o cionizmu, otišao je 1939. godine kao haluc u Palestinu.

Šani je 1941. godine, kao i svi Jevreji iz Zemuna, bio teran na prinudni rad. Međutim, on se nije zavaravao pričama da će Jevreji u Zemunu biti pošteđeni logora. Zato je isplanirao bekstvo na italijansku okupacionu teritoriju. Maja 1942. godine Šani je sa lažnim dokumentima napustio Zemun. U Metkoviću se sastao sa svojim rođacima Adijem i Akijem Najmanom. Zajedno su prvo otišli u Split, zatim u Novi Vinodol, pa u Kraljevicu i najzad na Rab. Tako su uspeli u svojoj nameri da se dokopaju italijanske okupacione zone, gde su izvesno vreme proveli u logoru.

Kapitulaciju Italije, 1943. godine, dočekali su na Rabu. Napustili su logor i priključili se partizanima.

Šani je kao borac Sedme banijske divizije bio dva puta ranjen. Odlikovan je Medaljom za hrabrost i Ordenom zasluga za narod.

Posle demobilizacije živeo je u Zagrebu. Kao borac, dakle kao čovek od poverenja, bio je raspoređen na visoku funkciju u Ministarstvu prosvete Republike Hrvatske.

Bio je cenjen kao stručnjak u prosveti. Međutim, u previranjima u vezi sa Informbiroom, video je da su i neki nevini ljudi stradali. Iako mu se nije mogla pripisati nikakva subverzivna delatnost, osetio je nesigurnost i izlaz je našao u iseljavanju u Izrael.

U Izrael se doselio sa svojom suprugom Trudom. Zajedno su preživeli logore i okupaciju. Upoznali su se 1. novembra 1942. godine u italijanskom logoru Kraljevica. Truda, rođena Goldštajn, poticala je iz Zagreba. Njene intelektualne sposobnosti su u Izraelu došle do izražaja. Radila je kao korespondent–prevodilac u Ministarstvu zdravlja, jer je bila poliglota. Govorila je sem hrvatskog, ivrit, francuski, engleski, nemački i italijanski. Truda je umrla 1988. godine u Jerusalimu.

Kao profesoru hemije, Šaniju nije bilo teško da savlada laboratorijski rad, a kao poliglota relativno je brzo naučio ivrit. Njegovo interesovanje je uveliko prevazilazilo samo rad u struci. Svoja mišljenje je zastupao javno u nekim novinama i publikacijama. Kritikovao je nazadnjaštvo u raznim sferama društvenog života u Izraelu. Istovremeno se bezrezervno zalagao za progresivne ideje. Karakterističan je njegov članak u kojem se suprostavio ideji o podizanju Trećeg hrama u Jerusalimu. Pošto je izneo svoje jasne argumente, članak završava konstatacijom da je država Izrael danas postala hram za čitavo jevrejstvo i da se bolji ne može podići.

I sada, kao penzioner, Šani nastavlja da prati sve aktuelne događaje, a povremeno napiše po neki članak na srpskohrvatskom, engleskom ili na ivritu. Nastanjen je u Jerusalimu. Promenio je prezime, kao što su učinili mnogi doseljenici. Sada se zove Aleksandar Šaron

The Schwitzer family was one of the oldest and highly respected member of the Jewish Community.

Round 1850 Samuel Schwitzer left Slovakia and settled in Dobanovci, a village integrated in the Zemun Jewish community. He opened a general store in the village. He fathered six children.

Salamon, one of the sons, married Bertha nee Najman. Up to her marriage she lived in Popinci with her parents.

Salsmon was a strict follower of religious norms. He even went to Zemun to learn to be a shohet, so that he could perform ritual slaughter of poultry himself. At the time of major holidays such as the Jom Kipur, Rosh Hashana etc.the whole family would come up to Zemun and stay with Moric Nueman, Bertha’s brother. The children looked forward to staying with their uncle and his children. All such holidays were celebrated with prayers and all appropriate custom.

In 1918 the Schwitzer family moved to Zemun, except for Salamon’s son Wilim, who took over the management of the family store. The trade’s revenue secured means for decent living conditions.

With the ascendance of Hitler to governmental power in Germany the situation vitally changed. The local Germans boycotted Wilim’s store. Eventually a German opened another general store which brought on the demise of the Svicer trade. In 1941 Wilim moved to Zemun.

Only two members of the Schwitzer family suvived the holocaust Marko – “Paci” and Alexander – “Shani”. As will be seen in the part of the chronicle on Zionism, in 1939 “Paci” left as a haluc to the Palestine.

In 1941, Sani shared the fate of all Zemun Jews and was driven to forced labour. However, he never fell for the stories that the Jews of Zemun would be spared from deportation to concentration camps. He therefore made plans to escape to the Italian occupational zone. In May 1942, Sani obtained fake documents and managed to leave Zemun. He met up with his relatives Adi and Aki Neumann heading for Metkovic. Initially they departed for Split, and then continued on to Novi Vinodol, Kraljevica, and finally to the island of Rab. By doing so they managed to reach the Italian occupation zone, where they spent some time in a concentration camp.

On Rab they lived to see the capitulation of Italy in 1943. They left the camp and joined the partisans.

Sani was twice wounded as a partisan soldier of the 7th Banija Division. For his merits he was awarded the Medal for Courage and the Medal for Service to the People.

Upon demobilization he lived in Zagreb. As a former partisan soldier he was entrusted with high functions in the Ministry of education of the Republic of Croatia.

He earned substantial respect as an expert in the field of education. However, in the turmoil generated by the Inform bureau, he witnessed the downfall of a number of innocent people. Although he could not be accused of any kind of subversive activity, he felt insecure and found his way out by immigrating to Israel.

Together with his wife Truda he settled down in Israel. They had lived together through the concentration camps and occupation. They first met on November 1, 1942 in the Italian camp in Kraljevica. Truda, nee Goldstein, came from Zagreb. In Isreal her intellectual capabilities were immediately recognized. She worked as a correspondent-interpreter in the Ministry of Health, since she was proficient in a number of languages. Beside Croatian, she spoke Ivrit, French, English, German and Italian. Truda died in Jerusalem in 1988.

As a professor of chemistry, Shani had no difficulty in mastering work in a laboratory, and since he too spoke a number of languages fluently, he learned Ivrit easily. His interests greatly transcended the work inside his profession. He voiced his opinions publicly in a number of newspapers and publications. He was a critic of the impediments one encountered in many spheres of social life in Israel.  He was an ardent advocate of progressive ideas. A characteristic example was his article in which he opposed the idea of building the Third Temple in Jerusalem. After articulating obvious arguments he ended the article by asserting that at the time, the state of Israel had become a temple for the entire body of Judaism and that a better one could never be erected.

Even today, a pensioner, Shani continues to keep track of all events of importance, and occasionally writes an article in Serbo-Croatian, English or Ivrit. He lives in Jerusalem. He has changed his surname, like many other settlers. Today he is known under the name of Alexander Sharon.