Grobno mesto
(parcela-red-broj)
Grave position
(parcel-raw-number)
Kamenorezac /
Stonemason:

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IV-02-15

(Kliknite na sliku da je uvećate / click on image to enlarge)
Imena sahranjenih: Names of buried:

Irma Marija Bihalji

Irma Maria Bihaly

Natpis na spomeniku (prednja strana):
Epitaph (front side of the gravestone):

Irma Marija Bihali
1882. – 1968.

(Epitaf ispisan na srpskom)

Irma Maria Bihaly
1882. – 1968.

(Translated into English from Serbian)

Natpis na spomeniku (stražnja strana):
Epitaph (back side of the gravestone):

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Dodatne informacije o porodici Additional info about the family

David Bihali posedovao je molersku farbarsku radionicu u Zemunu. Bio je oženjen Klarom (devojačko prezime?). Ova porodica iznedrila je dva značajna javna radnika: Pavla i Ota.

Pavle je rođen 8. avgusta 1898. u Zemunu. Pohađao je Jevrejsku osnovnu školu od 1904. do 1908, a Zemunsku gimnaziju napušta u drugom razredu 1918. godine, da bi u očevoj molersko–farbarskoj radionici izučio zanat.

Porodica Bihali seli se u Budimpeštu 1915. godine. Pavle radi sa ocem u jednoj fabrici i tako pomaže izdržavanje porodice. Mobilisan je u austro–ugarsku vojsku već naredne godine. Bio je na frontovima u Galiciji i Italiji.

Pavle se vraća u Zemun 1918. godine i odmah je pozvan na odsluženje vojnog roka u novonastaloj državi SHS.

Posle odsluženja vojnog roka preuzima radionicu svoga oca sa bivšim kalfom Čedomirom Čabrajom i preuzima izdržavanje porodice. Godine 1923. osniva farbarsko–firmopisačku radionicu “Futur”, prvo sa Čabrajem, a onda sa bratom Otom, koji je kao apsolvent likovne akademije imao pravo da bude nosilac firme. To je vreme kada stupa u kontakt sa radničkim pokretom. Počinje da se bavi marksizmom, studira prirodne nauke i opštu literaturu.

Firmu “Futur” likvidira 1927. Venčava se sa Marijom–Meri Fingstl (Pfingstl) i s njom priprema osnivanje izdavačkog preduzeća. Brat Oto, koji u to vreme studira u Berlinu, podržava poduhvat svoga brata i šalje mu potrebne informacije i knjige.

Sa bratom Otom 1928. osniva izdavačko preduzeće NOLIT (Nova literatura). Formiran je Literarni odbor književne zajednice Nolit i Redakcioni odbor časopisa “Nova literatura”, koji sačinjavaju: Graf Georg Arco, profesor Ljubo Babić, Henri Barbusse, dr. Adolf Behne, dr. Fritz Brupbacher, Johannes R.Becher, A. Cesarec, profesor Albert Einstein, režiser S.M.Eisenstein, Maksim Gorki, dr. Branko Gavela, dr Manfred Georg, George Grosz, S. Galogaza, dr. Carl Grünberg, Panait Istrati, Alexandra Kollontay, prof. Käthe Kollwitz, dr. Kurt Kerston, Egon Erwin Kisch, Kurt Kläber, Leo Lania, Dragiša Mihajlović, prof. Zdenek Nejedly, Gerhard Pohl, dr. Alfons Paquet, Erwin Piscator, Tarasov Rodionov, dr.h.c. Freicher von Schönaich, Upton Sinclair, dr. Helene Stöcker, A. Serafinovic, Dragiša Vasić dr. Armin T. Wegener, F.C. Weiskopf.

Bilo je nužno navesti ovaj spisak imena, jer on govori o značaju i veličini izdavačkog poduhvata. Pavle Bihali je uz pomoć svoga brata Ota uspeo da okupi reprezentativni skup intelektualaca, vodećih umova u literaturi i nauci iz zemlje i inostranstva. Ovome spisku treba dodati imena saradnika u pojedinim brojevima časopisa Nova literatura, kao što su Andre Baillon, Jaroslav Hašek, Theodor Dreiser, Jack London, Otokar Keršovani, Josip Kulundžić, Oto Bihali, dr Hugo Klein, Branko Kreft, Tone Seliškar, Velibor Gligorić, Veselin Masleša, Janko Đonović i drugi.

Već 1929. godine je zabranjeno dalje izlaženje časopisa “Nova literatura”, a 18. februara 1930. Pavle Bihali je uhapšen po Zakonu o zaštiti države. Izložen je teškom mučenju u tzv. Glavnjači, koje je ostavilo trajne telesne posledice. To ga ipak nije slomilo, pa ni ponovno hapšenje 1931. godine. On nastavlja sa izdavačkom delatnošću, koja se zbog svojih naprednih sadržaja stalno nalazila pod budnim okom cenzure i u opasnosti da bude zabranjena. Nolitova izdanja su uticala na formiranje pogleda na svet čitavih generacija jugoslovenske omladine, sve do okupacije 1941.

Pavle Bihali je između 1 i 8 jula 1941. streljan sa prvom grupom antifašista i rodoljuba u Beogradu.

Oto Bihali (prihvatio je ovo prezime, jer su mu tako počeli pisati slovoslagači) rođen je u Zemunu. Već smo spomenuli njegovu saradnju sa bratom Pavlom, ali treba nešto više reći o njegovoj ličnosti i delovanju.

On u svojim sećanjima piše da je njegov otac David Bihali, kao i njegov deda, bio majstor molersko-farbarskog esnafa. On i brat su izučili očev zanat.

Otac je mnogo doprineo da se njegovi sinovi zainteresuju za literaturu, jer je u slobodno vreme čitao Bajrona, Šilera, Hajnea, Torkvata Tasa, Ivana Gundulića, Dositeja Obradovića, a iznad svega je voleo Šekspirove drame.

Dok je otac, kao kasnije i Pavle, postajao od zanatlije intelektualac putem samostalnih studija i samoobrazovanja, Oto je imao privilegiju da studira na umetničkoj akademiji u Berlinu. U tom gradu je upoznao mnoge napredne intelektualce u drugoj polovini dvadesetih i tokom tridesetih godina ovog veka. Njegove veze sa ovim naprednim krugovima doprinele su da se mnoga slavna imena nađu na spisku saradnika izdavačkog preduzeća NOLIT.

Njegova prva knjiga “Juriš u vasionu” objavljena je 1937.  i u toku sledeće dve godine pojavila se u Londonu, Parizu, Stokholmu i Amsterdamu.

Posle povratka iz španskog građanskog rata napisao je knjigu “Španija između smrti i rađanja”, koja je objavljena u Švajcarskoj i Engleskoj, a tek posle Drugog svetskog rata u Jugoslaviji.

Oto Bihalji–Merin je napisao tridesetak monografija, studija i ogleda, među kojima: “Naivna slika sveta” (1959.), “Prodori moderne umetnosti” (1962.), “Graditelji moderne misli u literaturi i umetnosti” (1965.), “Naivni umetnici sveta” (1971), “Slika i imaginacija”, “Revizija umetnosti” (1979.) itd.

Tema Ota Bihalija je bila revolucija i umetnost. Njega su istovremeno zanimali Marks i Frojd, Lenjin i Pikaso, Man i Breht.

Neke od svojih knjiga iz umetnosti napisao je zajedno sa svojom suprugom Lizom.

Korespondirao je sa velikanima svetske književnosti i umetnosti kao što su Tomas Man, Maksim Gorki, Bertold Breht, Fokner, Kle, Kandinski, Rid, Mur, Pikaso...

Bihalijev bliski saradnik, književnica Jara Ribnikar,  povodom njegove smrti 1993. godine napisala je da je reč o čoveku i piscu koji je “bio poznat po svom dobrom ukusu i svetskom iskustvu”.

O svom bratu Pavlu je izrekao misao koja vrlo dobro izražava značaj njegovog životnog dela:

“Ima pisaca koji vrede isto onoliko koliko i njihovo pisano delo. Drugi su jače delovali svojim postojanjem. Njihove knjige su fragmenti njihovog života. Nije sve što su napisali ostalo živo, ali svojom delatnošću uticali su na ljude svoga vremena”.

Oto Bihali–Merin je preživeo rat zahvaljujući tome što je bio u zarobljeničkom vojnom logoru posle kapitulacije kraljevske jugoslovenske vojske. Posle oslobođenja se vratio u Zemun sa ocem Davidom, majkom Klarom i svojom ženom Lizom. Došli su u kuću svojih rođaka koji su ubijeni u logoru u Dubrovačkoj ulici. Zatekli su ruševinu žuto obojene kuće, zapušteni vrt i dvorište.

David Bihali was the proprietor of a painter’s shop in Zemun. He was married to Clara (maiden name?). Their two sons Pavle and Otto were a credit to the family name. Both of them became outstanding public figures.

Pavle was born on August 8, 1898 in Zemun. He attended the Jewish elementary school from 1904 to1908. In 1918 in his second year of gymnasium he left school in order to learn the family trade in his father’s paint shop.

In 1915 the Bihali family moved to Budapest. Together with his father Pavle worked in a factory to help support the family. The following year he was drafted into the Austrian-Hungarian army. He fought on the Galatia and Italian fronts.

In 1918 Pavle returned to Zemun and was immediately called up for national service in the new founded state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians.

On completing national service he took over the management of his fathers shop together with his father’s former worker Cedomir Cabraja and become responsible for the upkeep of the family. In 1923 he established a painter’s cum graphics shop, the “Futur”, initially with Cabraja, but some time later with his brother Otto, who as a senior undergraduate of the Art’s Academy had license to be the front man of the company. During this period he made his first contacts with the labor movement. He began reading Marxism, and studied natural sciences and world literature.

In 1927 he liquidated the company “Futur”. He married Maria-Meri Phingstl and with his wife made preparations for setting up a publishing company. At the time his brother Otto was studying in Berlin. Otto supported his brother’s enterprise and sent all necessary information and books.

In 1928, together with his brother Otto, Pavle founded the publishing company “NOLIT” (New Literature). A Literary Board of the Nolit literature association and the Editorial Board of the newspaper “Nova literatura” were formed. The following members were elected to the Board: Graf Georg Arco, professor Ljubo Babic, Henri Barbusse, Dr. Adolf Behne, Dr. Fritz Brupbacher, Johannes R.Becher, August Cesarec, professor Albert Einstein, director S. M. Eisenstein, Maksim Gorki, Dr. Branko Gavela, Dr. Manfred Georg, George Grosz, S. Galogaza, Dr. Carl Grünberg, Panait Istrati, Alexandra Kollontay, professor Käthe Kollwitz, Dr. Kurt Kerston, Egon Erwin Kisch, Kurt Kläber, Leo Lania, Dragiša Mihajlović, professor Zdenek Nejedly, Gerhard Pohl, Dr. Alfons Paquet, Erwin Piscator, Tarasov Rodionov, Dr.h.c. Freicher von Schönaich, Upton Sinclair, Dr. Helene Stöcker, A. Serafinovic, Dragiša Vasić, Dr. Armin T. Wegener, F.C. Weiskopf.

It was obligatory to list these names since they speak of the importance and significance of the publishing task undertaken. With the help of his brother Otto, Pavle Bihali managed to get together a representative group of intellectuals, leading wits of literature and science both from home and abroad. The names of collaborators who figured in certain “Nova Literatura” magazine editions should be added to the list. They are: Andre Baillon, Jaroslav Hasek, Theodore Dreiser, Jack London, Otokar Keršovani, Josip Kulundžić, Otto Bihalji, Dr Hugo Klein, Branko Kreft, Tone Seliškar, Velibor Gligorić, Veselin Masleša, Janko Đonović and others.

By 1929 publishing of “Nova Literatura” editions was prohibited, and on February 18, 1930 Pavle Bihali was arrested for violating the State Security Law. He was brutally tortured in the so called Glavnjaca prison and maimed for life. However, his will was not broken, even upon a new arrest in 1931. He continued his publishing activities which, because of his advanced ideas and consequent edition content, were closely scrutinized by censors and always in danger of being proscribed. Editions published by Nolit were of influence in the forming of an awareness of world events for generations of Yugoslav youths, right up to the German occupation in 1941.

Between July 1 and 8, 1941 Pavle Bihali was shot with the first group of anti-fascists and patriots executed in Belgrade.

Otto Bihalji (he acknowledged this surname, since it was thus misspelled by printers from the start) was born in Zemun. We have already written about his collaboration with his brother Pavle, but more should be said of his personality and activity.

In his recollections he writes that his father David Bihali, just like his grandfather, had been craftsmen of the painter’s guild. Both he and his brother had learned their father’s trade.

They owed their interest in literature to their father who introduced them to books. In his spare time he would ceaselessly read to his sons the works of Byron, Shiller, Haine, Torquatto Tasso, Ivan Gundulic, Dositej Obradovic and above all his beloved Shakespeare drama.

While his father, and later on Pavle too, progressed from craftsman to intellectual by self imposed study and self tution, Otto had the privilege to study at the Academy of Arts in Berlin. In this city he met a great number of forward thinking intellectuals of the late twenties and the thirties of the XX century. His ties to these progressive groups resulted in the fact that many a renowned name found its way on the list of collaborators of the Nolit publishing house.

His first book “Juris u vasionu” (Charging into Space) was published in 1937 and within the next two years appeared in London, Paris, Stockholm and Amsterdam.

On returning from the Spanish Civil War he wrote a book “ Spain between death and birth”, published in Switzerland and England and in Yugoslavia only upon the Second World War.

Otto Bihalji-Merin wrote some thirty monographies, studies and essays, among others: “Naivna slika sveta” (A Naïve Picture of the World), 1959, “Prodori moderne umetnosti” (Impacts of modern art) 1962, Graditelji moderne misli u literature i umetnosti” (Architects of modern thought in literature and art) 1965, “Naivni umetnici sveta” (Naïve artist of the world)1971, “Slika i imaginacija” (Paintings and imagination), “Revizija umetnosti” (A Revision of Art) 1979 and other.

Otto Bihalji’s theme was revolution and art. He was simultaneously stimulated by Marx and Frojd, Lennin and Picasso, Mann and Brecht.

Some of his books on art were written in collaboration with his wife Lisa.

He maintained a steady correspondence with the great men of world literature and art such as Thomas Mann, Maxim Gorki, Berthold Brecht, Faulkner, Kle, Kandinski, Reed, Moor, Picasso…

A close co-worker of Bihalji’s, the writer Jara Ribnikar, wrote on his death in 1993 that he was a man and writer “known for his good taste and universal experience.”

He voiced a thought about his brother Pavle which perfectly describes the significance of his life’s work:

“There are such writers whose merit equals the value of their written works. Then there are others who have made an impact through their existence. Their books are only fragments of their lives. Not everything that they have written still lives, but their life’s activity has left an indelible mark on their contemporaries.”

Otto Bihalji-Merin survived the war as he had “fortunately” been imprisoned in a POW camp upon the surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army. Upon liberation he returned to Zemun with his father David, mother Clara and wife Lisa. They returned to the house of their relatives who had been killed in a concentration camp. The house in Dubrovacka street was a yellow painted ruin, surrounded by a derelict garden.